從封閉式轉型為開放式國家創新系統典範 business model ecosystem IBM Microsoft Intel PC PC Chesbrough & Appleyard, 2007closed innovation West, Vanhaverbeke, & Gassmann, 20

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1 1 open innovation Information and Communication Technology, ICT Web 2.0 / Online Social Networks, OSNs Henry Chesbrough Chesbrough, 2003 Linux Vernon Ehlers valley of death Ehlers, 1998 Sci-Tech Policy Review No 議 05 從封閉式.indd /6/6 下午 12:01:56

2 從封閉式轉型為開放式國家創新系統典範 business model ecosystem IBM Microsoft Intel PC PC Chesbrough & Appleyard, 2007closed innovation West, Vanhaverbeke, & Gassmann, 2006 IPR Chesbrough, 2006 OECD 1987 Freeman 2 2 National Innovation System, NIS OECD, 議 05 從封閉式.indd /6/6 下午 12:01:57

3 Science and Technology Policy Council of Finland [STPC], 2006 TEKES SITRA 90 European Innovation Scoreboard WEF 2008 Ministry of Employment and the Economy, MEEC Innovation Department (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) MEEC, 2008 Turku National Open Innovation System, NOIS Triple Helix 1 idea bank NOIS NOIS Santonean, et al., 2007 Sci-Tech Policy Review No 議 05 從封閉式.indd /6/6 下午 12:01:59

4 從封閉式轉型為開放式國家創新系統典範 1 Santonean, Kaivo-oja, & Suomala, Finn Sight technology roadmap 3 Finn Sight demand pull time horizon FinnSight 2015, 議 05 從封閉式.indd /6/6 下午 12:02:00

5 IPR Center of Excellence 2007 Center of Expertise Programme, CEP 13 Cleantech Digibusiness Food Development Energy Technology Forest Industry Future HealthBIO Health and Wellbeing Intelligent Machine Living Business Maritime NanotechnologyTourism and Experience Management Ubiquitous Computing CEP knowhow Sci-Tech Policy Review No 議 05 從封閉式.indd /6/6 下午 12:02:01

6 從封閉式轉型為開放式國家創新系統典範 technology push demand pull The Prime Minister Office, The National Knowledge Society Strategy Good Life in Information Society 議 05 從封閉式.indd /6/6 下午 12:02:03

7 Chesbrough, H. (2003). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Chesbrough, H. W. & Appleyard, M. M. (2007). Open innovation and strategy. California Management Review, 50(1), FinnSight The Outlook for Science, Technology and Society. (2006). Retrieved March 10, 2008, from MEEC. (2008). Retrieved March 3, 2008, from fi/index.phtml?l=en&s=2072 OECD. (1997). National Innovation Systems. Paris: OECD. The Prime Minister Office. (2008). A renewing, human-centric and competitive Finland: The national knowledge society strategy Retrieved March 10, 2008, from tietoyhteiskuntaneuvosto/a_renewing%2c_humancentric_and_competitive_finland_net.pdf Santonen, T., Kaivo-oja, J., & Suomala, J. (2007). Introduction to national open innovation system (NOIS) paradigm. Helsinki: Finland Futures Research Centre. STPC. (2006). Science, technology, innovation. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from _ja_teknologianeuvosto/julkaisut/linjaraportti_2006. html?lang=en West, J., Vanhaverbeke, W., & Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open innovation: A research agenda. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from Chapters/14.pdf Gassmann, O. (2006). Opening up the innovation process: Toward an agenda. R&D Management, 36(3), Sci-Tech Policy Review No 議 05 從封閉式.indd /6/6 下午 12:02:03

40 COMMEMORATING THE FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF REFORM AND OPENING UP ( ) ( ) 20 30 [1] : 2015 1 1 36

40 COMMEMORATING THE FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF REFORM AND OPENING UP ( ) ( ) 20 30 [1] : 2015 1 1 36 40 To Judge Key Areas of Reform Node: Supply Side and Demand Side * 40 : 1978~1992 ; 1992~2012 ; 2012 40 % Since the reform and opening up the evolution of supply side and demand side reform policy can