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巩沛柳
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1 守大學電機系電腦視覺報告單元一數位影像 : 格式和操作參考解答 MIAT( 機器智慧與自動化技術 ) 實驗室中華民國 93 年 9 月 29 日

2 1. (a) 如果指紋影像 finger300x300 的取像面積是 14(mm)x14(mm), 請計算取像系統的 dpi (b) 如果 kaoshiung512x512 遙測影像的覆蓋面積是 5(Km)x5(Km), 請計算該影像的解析度 (resolution), 亦即每一 pixel 表示多大面積? (a) Dots Per Inch. A measure of the resolution of a printer, scanner, or monitor. It refers to the number of dots in a one-inch line. The more dots per inch, the higher the resolution. If a printer is said to print at 300 dpi, it will be capable of printing 300 dots horizontally and 300 dots vertically over a square inch. 14mm = 1.4cm/2.54(cm/inch) = 0.55 inch DPI : 300 pixels/0.55 inch 545(dpi) (b) (1). The resolution of a sensor is a measure of what size of objects it can image. Resolution is commonly expressed as the most closely spaced lines which can be recognised as being distinct. (2). The amount of pixels that are displayed on a screen measured in pixels horizontal by pixels vertical, such as 1024 x 768. Resolution : 5000(m)/512(pixel) 10(m/pixel) or Resolution : 10 x 10 (m 2 /pixel)

raw",ios::binary); ima.initialize(400,600); for(int i=0;i<ima.nr;i++)for(int j=ima.nc-1;j>=0;j--) out_h<<ima.m[i][j]; for(int i=ima.

3 2. 請寫一程式, 將 ant(gray)600x400 影像作水平鏡射和垂直鏡射 Source Code: #include<fstream.h> void main(void) ifstream in("ant(gray)600x400.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out_h("ant(gray)600x400_horizontal.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out_v("ant(gray)600x400_vertical.raw",ios::binary); ima.initialize(400,600); for(int i=0;i<ima.nr;i++)for(int j=ima.nc-1;j>=0;j--) out_h<<ima.m[i][j]; for(int i=ima.nr-1;i>=0;i--)for(int j=0;j<ima.nc;j++) out_v<<ima.m[i][j]; (a) (b) (c) (a) 原始影像 ant(gray)600x400.raw (b) 水平鏡射 ant(gray)600x400_horizontal.raw (c) 垂直鏡射 ant(gray)600x400_vertical.raw

raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("finger300x300_100row.xls"); ima.

4 3. 將 finger300x300 第 100 row 的剖面資料取出, 在 Excel 當中畫出其曲線圖 Source Code: #include<fstream.h> void main(void) ifstream in("finger300x300.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("finger300x300_100row.xls"); ima.initialize(300,300); for(int j=0;j<ima.nc;j++) out<<(int)ima.m[100][j]<<endl;

5 Gray value Row finger300x300 第 100 row 的剖面資料 4. 在 finger300x300 影像上畫兩條對角線 ( 將線上的 pixel 值設為 255) Source Code: #include<fstream.h> void main(void) ifstream in("finger300x300.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("finger300x300_1.raw",ios::binary); ima.initialize(300,300); if(i==j i==299-j) out<<(unsigned char)255; else out<<ima.m[i][j];

6 (a) (b) (a) 原始影像 finger300x300.raw (b) 畫兩條對角線影像 finger300x300_1.raw 5. 取出 ant(gray)600x400 左上角 8x8 pixels 的數值資料存檔, 再用 Excel 呈現資料表 Source Code:

7 #include<fstream.h> void main(void) ifstream in("ant(gray)600x400.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("ant(gray)600x400_8x8pixels.xls"); ima.initialize(8,8); for(int i=0;i<8;i++) for(int j=0;j<8;j++) out<<(int)ima.m[i][j]<<"\t"; out<<endl; ant(gray)600x400 左上角 8x8 pixels 的數值資料改變 ant(gray)600x400 影像灰階分布, 將小於 140 的灰階值全設為 0, 將大於 203 的灰階值全設為 255, 最後將灰階值分布平均擴展至 0-255

8 Source Code: #include<fstream.h> void main(void) ifstream in("ant(gray)600x400.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("ant(gray)600x400_1.raw",ios::binary); ima.initialize(400,600); if(ima.m[i][j]<140) ima.m[i][j]=0; else if(ima.m[i][j]>203) ima.m[i][j]=255; else ima.m[i][j]=(ima.m[i][j]-140)*255/63; out<<ima.m[i][j]; (a) (b) (a) 原始影像 ant(gray)600x400.raw (b) 處理後影像 ant(gray)600x400_1.raw 7. 請找出一個最佳的 threshold 對 kaoshiung512x512 遙測影像作二值化 Source Code: 尋找影像灰階分布圖

9 #include<fstream.h> void main(void) ifstream in("kaoshiung512x512.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("histogram.txt"); ima.initialize(512,512); int histo[256]; for(int i=0;i<256;i++) histo[i]=0; histo[ima.m[i][j]]++; out<<"gray\thistogram\n"; for(int i=0;i<256;i++)out<<i<<"\t"<<histo[i]<<endl; kaoshiung512x512.raw 灰階分布圖 Source Code: 以 150 做為 threshold 將影像二值化

10 #include<fstream.h> void main(void) ifstream in("kaoshiung512x512.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("kaoshiung512x512_bw.raw",ios::binary); ima.initialize(512,512); if(ima.m[i][j]<150) out<<(unsigned char)0; else out<<(unsigned char)255; (a) (b)

12 8. 輸出指紋影像 finger300x300 的 8 個 bit-planes for(int i=0;i<ima.nr;i++) for(int j=0;j<ima.nc;j++) ima.m[i][j]=imain.get(); unsigned char c=((ima.m[i][j])%2)*255; imaoutbit1<<c; c=((ima.m[i][j]>>1)%2)*255; imaoutbit2<<c; c=((ima.m[i][j]>>2)%2)*255; imaoutbit3<<c; c=((ima.m[i][j]>>3)%2)*255; imaoutbit4<<c; c=((ima.m[i][j]>>4)%2)*255; imaoutbit5<<c; c=((ima.m[i][j]>>5)%2)*255; imaoutbit6<<c; c=((ima.m[i][j]>>6)%2)*255; imaoutbit7<<c; c=((ima.m[i][j]>>7)%2)*255; imaoutbit8<<c; (a) 原始影像

13 (b) bit-plane7 (c) bit-plane6 (d) bit-plane5 (e) bit-plane4 (f) bit-plane3 (g) bit-plane2 (h) bit-plane1 (i) bit-plane0 9. 將 kaoshiung512x512 影像 down-sampling 1/4 倍輸出 Source Code:

14 #include<fstream.h> void main() ifstream in("kaoshiung512x512.raw",ios::binary); ofstream out("kaoshiung128x128.raw",ios::binary); ima.initialize(512,512); for(int i=0;i<ima.nr;i=i+4)for(int j=0;j<ima.nc;j=j+4) out<<ima.m[i][j]; (a) (b) (a) 原始影像 kaoshiung512x512.raw (b)down-sampling 1/4 影像 kaoshiung128x128.raw

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