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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, July 2010, 18(4): DOI: /SP.J * 匡恩俊迟凤琴宿庆瑞张久明高中超 ( ) 利用网袋法模拟田间还田方式, 研究不同还田方式下玉米大豆秸秆的腐解特征结果表明 : 经过 150 d 的分解, 玉米和大豆秸秆残留率在 33.7%~61.1% 之间, 秸秆还田分解趋势为 : 土埋处理 > 露天处理, 土埋玉米秸秆 > 土埋大豆秸秆, 露天条件下大豆和玉米秸秆分解速率一致从细胞结构上看, 玉米秸秆随着还田时间的延长, 基本组织和维管束遭到破坏, 细胞壁变薄, 细胞内物质消失, 细胞排列疏松 ; 大豆秸秆组织结构变化不明显露天和土埋处理各有机物料有机碳分解率分别为 39.9%~48.9% 49.6%~65.8%, 土埋玉米和大豆秸秆腐解速度明显高于露天处理两个处理氮钾分解率无太大差异, 分别为 51.1%~67.7% 74.6%~91.7%, 而磷素变化比较明显, 露天和土埋处理玉米秸秆的磷释放率平均比大豆秸秆高 49.4% 56.7% 作为还田物料玉米秸秆要好于大豆秸秆玉米大豆秸秆还田腐解规律养分释放率组织结构 : S141.9 : A : (2010) Decomposition regularity of organic materials in Sanjiang Plain region KUANG En-Jun, CHI Feng-Qin, SU Qing-Rui, ZHANG Jiu-Ming, GAO Zhong-Chao (Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; The Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin , China) Abstract Net bag method was used to determine the decomposition characteristics of soybean and maize stalks under two approaches of returning crop residues into soils. The results show that after 150 days of composting, residual rates of maize and soybean stalks are between 33.7%~61.1% under the two treatments. The order of decomposition rate of the stalks is: soil-covered treatment > open-air treatment, soil-covered maize stalk > soil-covered soybean stalk. Decomposition regularities of soybean and maize stalks in open-air are almost the same. As for the cell structure, with the time of treatments, tissues become blurred and loose, parenchyma and vascular bundles break-down, and intracellular matters disappear in maize stalk. However, there is no significant change in tissue structures of soybean stalk. Organic carbon decomposition rates of different organic materials are respectively 39.9%~48.9% and 49.6%~65.8% under open-air and soil-covered treatments. Stalk decomposition rates under soil-covered treatments are higher than open-air treatments. Decomposition rates of total N and K are respectively 51.1%~67.7% and 74.6%~91.7%. For maize, the decomposition rates of total P are respectively 49.4% and 56.7% higher than soybean under open-air and soil-covered treatments. With regard to material returned to the soil, maize stalk is superior to soybean stalk. Key words Maize, Soybean, Stalk returning into soil, Decomposition regularity, Nutrition release rate, Tissue structure (Received Sept. 11, 2009; accepted Jan. 13, 2010), [1 2] [3 5], [6 9] ; [10] 3, ; [11], [12 13] * (2007BAD89B05, 2006BAD05B05) (1982~),,,, kuangenjun2002@163.com : :

2 4 : 737,, 1 材料与方法 , mg kg 1, 23.4 mg kg 1, mg kg 1, 50.8 g kg 1, 1, ( ), 4 : (1); (2); (3); (4) (A), ; (B), 5~10 cm 1.3 (20 ) 50 g(3~5 cm ),, 7 15 t 30 kg, 20, 50 g 2 g 150 d 15~30 d 1,,, [14], : 1~2 h, 1 mm,,,, nm (, E-1010 ), S-3400 N = (g)/50 100% (1) =( )/ 100% (2) 2 结果与分析 2.1,,, 150 d, 53.4%~61.1%( 1a), %, 3 8.6%,, 5.8% 150 d, 53%,,, Organic material 表 1 供试有机物料的养分含量 Tab. 1 Nutrition contents of tested organic materials g kg 1 Organic C Total N Total P Total K Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber Soybean stalk Maize stalk Fig. 1 图 1 露天 (a) 土埋(b) 处理对秸秆残留状况的影响 Residual rates of stalks under open-air (a) and soil-covered (b) treatments

3 ,,, 9.4%~20%, ; ( 1b), 150 d 33.7%~47.9%, 14.2%;,, 150 d, ( 2), 60 d 10%, 29.3%; 150 d 19.8%, 17.8%,, 图 2 不同还田处理玉米秸秆残留率比较 Fig. 2 Residual rate of maize stalks in different returning treatments 2.2, ( ) a, ( 3a),,,, 30 d,, ( 3b 3e); 60 d,,,, ( 3c 3f); 150 d,,,,,, ( 3d 3g) ( 3f 3g) ( 3c 3d),,, 2.3,, 4a,,,, 60~90 d,,, 21.7% 12.7%; 90 d, ; 150 d 48.9% 44.7%,, 42%, ( 4b) 150 d, 65.9% 56.2%;,, 2.4, 15 d, 40%, ; 150 d 65.4% 51.1%( 5a), 45 d 30 d, 15~30 d 150 d, 67.7% ( 5b), 150 d, 27.1%~ 81.8%( 6a), 49.4% 15.4%~89.8% ( 6b), 56.7% 90% [10],,, 15 d,,, 150 d,

4 : 739 80% ( 7a),, 150 d, 60 d,, 150 d 83.2%~ 91.7%( 7b) [10 11],,, 图 3 不同处理对玉米秸秆组织结构变化的影响 Fig.

4 4 : % ( 7a),, 150 d, 60 d,, 150 d 83.2%~ 91.7%( 7b) [10 11],,, 图 3 不同处理对玉米秸秆组织结构变化的影响 Fig. 3 Effects of different treatments on the tissue structure of maize stalks a b c d e f g (a)(b c d)(e f g) 30 d 60 d 150 d a, b, c, d, e, f and g are the maize stalks tissue structure before incorporation (a), after decomposition for 30 days, 60 days, 150 days under open-air (b, c, d) and soil-covered (e, f, g) treatments, respectively.

5 Fig. 4 图 4 露天 (a) 土埋(b) 处理对秸秆有机碳分解率的影响 Decomposition rates of maize and soybean stalks organic C under open-air (a) and soil-covered (b) treatments Fig. 5 图 5 露天 (a) 土埋(b) 处理玉米大豆秸秆氮素释放率 N releasing rates of maize and soybean stalks under open-air (a) and soil-covered (b) treatments Fig. 6 图 6 露天 (a) 土埋(b) 处理玉米大豆秸秆磷素释放率 P releasing rates of maize and soybean stalks under open-air (a) and soil-covered (b) treatments Fig. 7 图 7 露天 (a) 土埋(b) 处理玉米大豆秸秆钾素释放率 K releasing rates of maize and soybean stalks under open-air (a) and soil-covered (b) treatments

4 : 741,, K +,, 15 d ; 60 d(7 15 ),,,,,,, 3 小结, 150 d,,, > 150 d,,,,,, ;, 150 d, 48.9% 44.7%, 65.9% 56.2%,, 51.1%~67.7% 74.6%~91.7%,, 49.4% 56.7% 参考文献 [1],,. [J]., 2004, 12(4): 132 134 [2],,,. [J]., 1998, 29(1): 11 13 [3],,.

6 4 : 741,, K +,, 15 d ; 60 d(7 15 ),,,,,,, 3 小结, 150 d,,, > 150 d,,,,,, ;, 150 d, 48.9% 44.7%, 65.9% 56.2%,, 51.1%~67.7% 74.6%~91.7%,, 49.4% 56.7% 参考文献 [1],,. [J]., 2004, 12(4): [2],,,. [J]., 1998, 29(1): [3],,. [J]., 2000, 6(4): [4],,,. [J]., 2000, 22(2): [5],,. [J]., 1996, 27(3): [6],,,. [J]., 2007, 13(6): [7],,,. [J]., 2001, 10(2): [8],,,. [J]., 2005, 36(3): [9],,,. [J]., 2001, 38(1): [10],. [J]., 2008, 16(3): [11],,,. [J]., 2009, 15(2): [12],,,. [J]., 2000, 22(3): [13],,,. [J]., 2003, 12(1): [14]. [M]. :, 2000 土壤质量指标与评价 ( 中国土壤质量研究系列专著 ) 徐建明等著科学出版社出版年 5 月出版 zhouwenyu@mail.sciencep.com lifescience@mail.sciencep.com

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