e bug 0 x=0 y=5/x 0 Return 4 2

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1 e

2 e bug 0 x=0 y=5/x 0 Return 4 2

3 e 3 4 3

4 e 4 (true) (false) 4 4

5 e G= V E V={n1,n2,,n m } E={e1,e2,,e p } e k ={n i,n j }, n i,n j V

6 e e 3 n 1 e 1 e 2 n 2 n 3 e 5 e 6 / n 5 e4 n edge {n 3, n 4 } 4 nodes e 7 n 6 n 7 V = {n 1, n 2, n 3, n 4, n 5, n 6, n 7 } E = {e 1, e 2, e 3, e 4, e 5, e 6, e 7 } = {(n 1, n 2 ), (n 2, n 3 ), (n 1, n 5 ), (n 4, n 5 ), (n 2, n 4 ), (n 3, n 4 ), (n 4, n 6 )}

7 e n deg(n)

8 e e 3 n 1 n 5 e 1 e 2 e4 n 2 n 3 e e 6 5 n 4 e 7 n 6 n 7 deg(n 1 ) = 2 deg(n 2 ) = 3 deg(n 3 ) = 2 deg(n 4 ) = 4 deg(n 5 ) = 2 deg(n 6 ) = 1 deg(n 7 ) = 0

9 e

10 e n 1 e 1 e 2 n 2 n 3 e 3 e 4 e 5 e 6 n 5 e 7 n 4 n 6 n 7

11 e n i n j 0 (ni, nj) (nj, ni) if (ni, nj) path and (nj, nw) path, then (ni, nw) path

12 e n 1 e 1 e 2 n 2 n 3 e 3 e 4 e 5 e 6 {n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6}, {n7} n 5 e 7 n 4 n 6 n 7

13 e G=(V, E), 4 13

14 e e 1 e 2 n 1 n 2 n 3 e 3 n 5 e4 e e 6 5 n 4 e 7 n 6 n 7 S 1 = {n 1, n 2, n 3, n 4, n 5, n 6 } S 2 = {n 7 }

15 e G V G =e-n+2p e G n G p G V G 4 15

16 e n 1 e 1 e 2 n 2 n 3 e 3 e 4 e 5 e 6 n 5 e 7 n 4 n 6 n 7 : V G = X2 = 4

17 e D= V E V={n1,n2,,n m } E={e1,e2,,e p } e k =<n i,n j >, n i,n j V e k =<n i,n j > n i n j

18 e e 1 e 2 n 1 e 3 e e 6 5 e4 n 2 n 3 n 5 n 4 V = {n 1, n 2, n 3, n 4, n 5, n 6, n 7 } e 7 n 6 n 7 E = {e 1, e 2, e 3, e 4, e 5, e 6, e 7 } = {<n 1, n 2 >, <n 2, n 3 >, <n 5, n 2 >, <n 4, n 5 >, <n 2, n 4 >, <n 3, n 4 >, <n 4,

19 e (2) indeg(n) outdeg(n) deng(n)=indeg(n)+outdeg(n) 4 19

20 e (2) n 1 n 5 e 1 e 2 e 3e4 e 5 e 6 e 7 n 2 n 3 n 4 n 6 n 7 indeg(n 1 ) = 0 indeg(n 2 ) = 2 indeg(n 3 ) = 1 indeg(n 4 ) = 2 indeg(n 5 ) = 1 indeg(n 6 ) = 1 indeg(n 7 ) = 0 outdeg(n 1 ) = 1 outdeg(n 2 ) = 2 outdeg(n 3 ) = 1 outdeg(n 4 ) = 2 outdeg(n 5 ) = 1 outdeg(n 6 ) = 0 outdeg(n 7 ) = 0

21 e (3)

22 e (3) n 1 e 1 e 2 n 2 n 3 Source Nodes: n 1 e 3e4 e 5 e 6 n 5 e 7 n 4 Sink Nodes: n 6 Transfer Nodes: n 2, n 3, n 4, n 5 n 6 n 7 Isolated Nodes: n 7

23 e (3) e i,e j ei,ej

24 e (3) n 1 e 1 e 2 n 2 n 3 Path: n 1 n 2 n 3 e 3e4 e 5 e 6 Cycle: n 2 n 4 n 5 n 2 n 5 e 7 n 4 n 6 n 7 Semi Path: Between n 1 and n 5 Semi Path: Between n 2 and n 4

25 e (4) M D= V E m m R= r i j 1 i j

26 e (4) n 1 e 1 e 2 n 2 n 3 e 3e4 e 5 e 6 n 5 e 7 n 4 n 6 n 7

27 e Petri

28 e i j j i

29 e

30 e

31 e PIN s5, s2. s1 PIN PIN. s3 PIN. s5 s1 PIN. s4 PIN. PIN s3 PIN. s5 PIN PIN.

32 e Petri Petri Carl Adam Petri 1963 Petri P, T, In, Out P T P T In Out In PXT Out TXP Petri

33 e Petri P = {p 1, p 2, p 3, p 4 } T = {t 1, t 2, t 3 } In = {, , , } Out = {<t 1, p 3 >, <t 2, p 4 >, <t 3, p 3 >}

34 e

35 e Return 4 35

36 e

37 e / /

38 e / / / / /

39 e /

40 e 40 void DoWork (int x,int y,int z) { int k=0,j=0; if ( (x>3)&&(z<10) ) { k=x*y-1; j=sqrt(k); } // 1 if ( (x==4) (y>5) ) { j=x*y+10; } // 2 j=j%3; // 3 } 4 40

41 e a X>3 && z<10 F T b c 1 X==4 y>5 T d F e 2 3

42 e DoWork { x=4 y=5 z=5 } abd ((x>3)&&(z<10)) && abd

43 e DoWork {x=4 y=5 z=5} {x=2 y=5 z=5} abd ace y>5 y<5

44 e Case

45 e 45 DoWork ( (x>3)&&(z<10) ) x>3 T1 -T1 z<10 T2 -T2 ( (x==4) (y>5) ) x==4 T3 -T3 y>5 T4 -T4 4 45

46 e x=2 y=6 z=5 acd -T1 T2 -T3 T4 cd x=4 y=5 z=15 acd T1 -T2 T3 -T4 cd c d

47 e / / / x=4 y=6 z=5 x=2 y=5 z=15 abd ace T1 T2 T3 T4 -T1 -T2 -T3 -T4 bd ce

48 e / / / (x>3)&&(z<10) x>3 z<10 x>3 z<10 (x==4) (y>5) x==4 y>5

49 e 49 DoWork 1 x>3, z<10 T1 T2 2 x>3, z>=10 T1 -T2 3 x<=3, z<10 -T1 T2 4 x<=3, z>=10 -T1 -T2 5 x==4, y>5 T3 T4 6 x==4, y<=5 T3 -T4 7 x!=4, y>5 -T3 T4 8 x!=4, y<=5 -T3 -T4 4 49

50 e x=4 y=6 z=5 abd T1 T2 T3 T4 1 5 x=4 y=5 z=15 acd T1 -T2 T3 -T4 2 6 x=2 y=6 z=5 acd -T1 T2 -T3 T4 3 7 x=2 y=5 z=15 ace -T1 -T2 -T3 -T abe

51 e 51 5 x=4 y=6 z=5 x=4 y=5 z=15 x=2 y=5 z=15 x=5 y=5 z=5 abd acd ace abe T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 -T2 T3 -T4 -T1 -T2 -T3 -T4 T1 T2 -T3 -T4 4 51

52 e

53 e a b ab a b a b 2 a b a+b 1 V(G) = e n +2p

54 e

55 e

56 e void Sort ( int irecordnum, int itype ) 1 { 2 int x=0; 3 int y=0; 4 while (irecordnum-- > 0 ) 5 { 6 If ( itype==0 ) 7 x=y+2; 8 else 9 If ( itype==1 ) 10 x=y+10; 11 else 12 x=y+20; 13 } 14 }

57 e =

58 e irecordnum = 0 1 itype = 0 irecordnum = 1 2 itype = 0 irecordnum = 1 3 itype = 1 irecordnum = 1 4 itype = 2 x = 0 y = 0 x = 0 y = 0 x = 10 y = 0 x = 0 y = 20

59 e void Do (int X,int A,int B) { 1 if ( (A>1)&&(B=0) ) 2 X = X/A; 3 if ( (A=2) (X>1) ) 4 X = X+1; 5 } 2 a b c

60 e n m m<n n-1 n n

61 e

62 e 62 Z 4 62 Z

63 e

64 e if (x>3 && Z<10) { } if (x>=3 && Z<10) { } x 2 4 x=3 x 3

65 e 65 ESTCA(Error Sensitive Test Cases Analysis) ESTCA [ 1] A rel B (rel < = >) A B AB AB 4 65

66 e [ 2] A rel C (rel > <, A C ) rel < A A=C-M M C A C M=1 rel > A A=C+M 1 A>1 A>0 [ 3]

67 e LCSAJ LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump) LCSAJ 1 2 LCSAJ LCSAJ LCSAJ 2 3 LCSAJ

68 e LCSAJ Woodward LCSAJ LCSAJ LCSAJ LCSAJ n+2 n LCSAJ LCSAJ LCSAJ

69 e 69 DoWork LCSAJ LCSAJ LCSAJ 5 1 int k=0,j=0; if ( (x>3)&&(z<10) ) 2 k=x*y-1; j=sqrt(k); if ( (x==4) (y>5) ) 3 if ( (x==4) (y>5) ) 4 j=x*y+10; j=j%3 5 j=j%3 LCSAJ

70 e

71 e N-S 3 A B C D S P Y N (c) (d)

72 e P1 P2 a b c d 4 ac ad bc bd = =2

73 e N-S A1 A2 A1 A2 a1 a2 A1 A2 N-S a1 a2 N-S N-S

74 e N-S N-S 1+1+1=3 N-S =5

75 e N-S N-S = = = = =15 3= = =16

76 e N-S N X>8 AND Y>5 Y N X>0 OR Y>0 Y N X>16 OR Y>10 Y 1 2 3

77 e 77 2 N-S 4 77

九十六學年度第一學期第三次定期考國文科試題

九十六學年度第一學期第三次定期考國文科試題凡答案卡上因個人基本資料畫記錯誤或不完全, 造成讀卡過程無法判定身分者, 本科此次定期考分數扣 3 分一單選題 ( 每題 2 分 )36% 1.( 甲 ) 乃覺三十里 :ㄐㄩㄝˊ( 乙 ) 經宿方至 :ㄙㄨˋ( 丙 ) 乾癟 :ㄅㄧㄢˇ( 丁 ) 垂髫 : ㄊㄧㄠˊ( 戊 ) 一綹短髮