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1 行度 LCD 度 The Study of Effects of Thermal Deformation on Luminance of LCD Backlight Module 類 NSC E 行 94 年年 9 30 參林李類精陸論理列列立利年年行立 97 年 10 06

2 Abstract Due to the temperature rising of the cold cathode fluorescence lamp (CCFL) in a backlight module (BLM) of a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) under long-term lighting state, the micro-optic-structure would be deformed and resulted in an uneven luminance phenomenon. The main purpose of this study was to study the luminance variations caused by the thermal deformations of the edge-lit BLM under long-term lighting state by using both experimental approaches and numerical simulations. The luminance variations of the BLM were measured by using luminance meters and CCD camera. Numerical simulations were performed by using commercial software ANSYS and Light Tools. Both the experimental and numerical results showed that a more even uniformity might result from the deformations of the BLM. Keywords: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Backlight Module (BLM), Thermal Deformation,, Luminance, Uniformity 冷 (CCFL) 狀度度不量狀度度利度量 CCD 度度 ANSYS Light Tools 度度度數 CCFL 度不更度度度 1. (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD)(Backlight Module, BLM) LCD LCD LCD 不料類兩冷冷 (Cold Cathode Fluorescence Lamp, CCFL) 稜 1 LCD 度 ( LCD-TV) 度 ( 1.5 ~2.5 ) 度量 17 ( PDA) 量力冷稜度度冷

1-1 1-2 兩冷狀度 50~60 不料 ( 率度度 ) 度不量狀度度度 2. 1988 年 Hinotain [1] 1992 年 Anandan [2] Hollow Cold Cathodes Flat Fluorescent Lamp, FFL 3~12 LCD 狀更 1994 年 Borrelli [3] 六列 0.

3 兩冷狀度 50~60 不料 ( 率度度 ) 度不量狀度度度年 Hinotain [1] 1992 年 Anandan [2] Hollow Cold Cathodes Flat Fluorescent Lamp, FFL 3~12 LCD 狀更 1994 年 Borrelli [3] 六列 0.7mm 80% 率年 Tagaya [4,5] 2003 年 Okumura [6] 粒粒 Mie Scattering 亮度度 2003 年 Ide [7] 力理論來量來離 2003 年 Shieh [8] Image-Enhanced 率 68% 24%2005 年 Kim [9,10] LCD-TV PET/PC/PBT copolymer PMMA CompositePMMA 來 PMMA copolymer PMMA Composite 理 PMMA 度降 2006 年 Feng [11] LED CCFL 行度度度度 86% 度 + 40 ~ -20 年 Chang [12] 2008 年 Chao [13] Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 料來料 Polymeric Methyl MethacrylatePMMA MEMS 度度度度 77% PDMS 易度 PDMS 料便來 MEMS 2

4 PDMS 度度料 PMMA 益 2006 年 Chien [14] 利 MEMS (CCLGP) CCLGP 度度 86% 菱 2007 年 Lin [15] V V 度度力度 V 狀度度度度了度狀說理度度都了了度度度度 2007 年 Jiang [16] 利 Moldflow MPI5 不列 V 列 U 列金列列列列列量 mm 列列量 mm 兩 40.78% 列量度列論不列量度更度度降來行料度冷度不 2005 年 Chu [17]FEA 流力 CFD- 來 TFT-LCD TV 冷立 2005 年 [18]FEA 利 ASAP 來 0 度 30 度 35 度 40 度不度度更 3. 7 冷狀 L Inverter 冷度來了不度度兩來 A B 度量度量兩度量量 AB 冷度度量量 AB 度度度論度 3

5 度不度度度 3.1 度量 3 量來度利數度 (CENTER 301) 來量狀度數度 K-type 度 Sensor 數度連來 on-off 數度來量度 RS-232 數度 OUTPUT 來錄度量度量 3.2 度量度度 BM-7LS-110 狀量若度量數量量數量度精度量數量度度行量量量 CCD camera 來度 [19,20]CCD camera 量度量行理量 LS-110 度量量 LS-110 度 Close-Up XY table RS-232 串列連 LS-110 度量度 EXCEL 裡便行量數理 LS-110 度度 1/3 精度度量 0.01 ~ 999,900cd/m 2 精度 ±2%Close-Up LS-110 度量 0.4mm 量 0.5mm 量 203~205mm XY table 兩兩行 200mm 精度 1mm 行 25mm 精度 0.01mm mm 2 LabVIEW LS-110 度量量度 EXCEL 裡度亮度立量 cd/m 2 nits 量 4

camera 量 4. 論 4.1 度量 BLM Inverter XY table 度量 3.2.

6 LS-110 度狀量量 LS-110 度量 XY table 量量行度 25±3 度量 CCD camera 濾六 CCD camera 理數來亮數便度量連 PC RS-232 LS-110 Close-Up Lens 六 CCD camera 量 4. 論 4.1 度量 BLM Inverter XY table 度量 CCD camera 量 CCD camera 量理度 LS-110 度行量更更冷度 3 了量冷度度度數度量度度度不度狀度不不度度 T 來 T 5

7 量度度値 A B 冷度度 30 狀 AB A 37B 54 AB AB 4.2 度量行量度都 Warm-Up Time 亮行度量了度量度了度 [21] 冷度來 4.1 度量論 A B 度 30 度 [22] 3 見度 5 30 度度兩 30 度度行度量度量論 A B 度量度度 5 度度度度 5 略 5~30 30 行度量論 AB 度狀量不度度 6

8 4.2.1 LS-110 度量 LS-110 度狀量量量參來行度量量來量 5~30 度度 AB LS-110 度量 5 ~30 度 B 度 A 度度度量 8 B 度 A 度 LS-110 度量精量度度度度來不度量度 30 9 度 CCD camera 量 CCD camera 8 bit 0~255 來度亮 CCD camera 量 CCD camera 度來量 BLM-1BLM-2 BLM-3 度度 5~30 CCD camera 量 5 30 切 X,Y,Z X Y Z X,Y 數 7

9 度 3D 度度度 4.1 AB 度 A 37B 54 度度 5~30 CCD camera 5 30 量 ~30 度度藍 A BLM-1BLM-2BLM-3 度 B BLM-1 BLM-2BLM-3 藍度度度不度度度 9 來度度 75% 値不不數度 CCD camera 量度 81 來度 30 亮 30 度狀 B 度 A 來 AB BLM-1BLM-2BLM 度 A 度 B 若 81 AB BLM-1BLM-2BLM-3 量 AB 8

10 度 AB 度 A B 値 3% 不 81 B A A B B 度 A 來 A 來度 A AB 亮 30 9 度利 LightTools 切 27 狀狀都切切切度度不度量度度度度度度數流度度度度度切度度度 5. 數 5.1 切度度利 ANSYS 度量利 ANSYS 度量量量利 ANSYS 來量類量量度量量 αβχ 度量 ANSYS 量利數 LightTools 度度度度度異數流 9

11 5.2 ANSYS ANSYS 7 度量 ANSYS AANSYS 利 a 度不流數 b PMMA 料參數數數數不度 B ANSYS a 理立 156.7mm 92.2mm 2.5mm 利 ANSYS Hqrdpoint 來利來 c: 1 度參度 252 度 Fixed Point 5.3 數 ANSYS 度 3 3 度 LightTools 來 ANSYS 3D 立狀狀 [26] 切 27 度度利 LightTools 數 ( ) = y z a a z a z a z a z a z (1) Shell63 4 PMMA 料參數數 3 GPa[23] 0.3 數 /[24] 數 0.2W/m K 流數 8W/m 2 K[25] (b) 立切 27 數異 N N ( ) S = y a az az az az az r ij 0 1 ij 2 ij 3 ij 4 ij 5 ij i= 1 j= 1 2 (2) 數 S r 數列 S r ai 1 i= 1,2 = 0 (3) 10

S r 數 0 6 數 a 0,a 1,a 2,a 3,a 4,a 5,a 6 六聯立利 6 數 α = tan -1 [dy(z)/dz] 度 5.4 Light Tools Light Tools 度度度 5.4.1 立立 156.7mm 92.2mm 2.5mm 1.3mm 立 156.7mm 92.2mm 0.01mm 92.2mm 立 92.2mm 2.0mm 冷冷 1mm 立 92.

12 S r 數 0 6 數 a 0,a 1,a 2,a 3,a 4,a 5,a 6 六聯立利 6 數 α = tan -1 [dy(z)/dz] 度 5.4 Light Tools Light Tools 度度度立立 156.7mm 92.2mm 2.5mm 1.3mm 立 156.7mm 92.2mm 0.01mm 92.2mm 立 92.2mm 2.0mm 冷冷 1mm 立 92.2mm 3.5mm 冷冷來六力 PMMA 率 1.49 冷量 242 流度 cd/m 2 數量切 Light Tools 度度了度度更度度度 mm24.59 mm mm 0 mm 90% mm 50% mm mm mm % 90% 50% mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Z X 10 10% mm 六 11

了 Y 1mm 立立度 17.41 mm 10.24 mm 度度 49 度度 100 5.4.3 了度離離來 0.15mm 2.902mm 92.2mm 0.0011mm 1mm X 0.15 mm 1mm Z 2.902 mm 0.1511 mm 1mm 2.902 mm 156.

13 了 Y 1mm 立立度 mm mm 度度 49 度度了度離離來 0.15mm 2.902mm 92.2mm mm 1mm X 0.15 mm 1mm Z mm mm 1mm mm mm mm 1mm mm 切 92.2 mm 切 27 留流留 mm mm mm mm X Z mm 量度度度度度 92.2 mm 切切切切降切冷切 Light Tools 12

14 6 數論切度離度裡切度離度切度類切度度度切度切度切度切度切度切度切度切度度 ( Z ) 切漏切度不度切度切狀切切類來 9455 度度度切度度度切度切度切度切度切度切度切度切度度 ( Z ) 切度 9 度度 84.4% 49 度度 84.1% 切度 9 度度 77.7% 49 度度 76.1% 切 9 度度降 6.7% 49 度度降 8% 說切度度 Light Tools 行利立 49 度來度度度不度度度度切度度 49 度度 13

15 便度度度離離度度 7948 lux ~ 9455 lux 都 (Z mm) 不度度 84.06%( 49 度 ) 來度度數量利 Light Tools 行度量度立 49 度來量度度 Tools 裡切度來度度 0 度切了 Z 度度度度離降 4524 lux ~ 6037 lux Z 15.67mm 量度 5485lux ~ 6037 lux Z 36.56mm 度度 5268 lux ~ 5527 lux 度度 5471 lux ~ 5527 lux 裡 56 lu 不 1516 度度度量度降 Z 15.67mm 36.56mm 度兩度 510 lux Z 78.35mm 度量度 4977 lux ~ 5040 lux 63 lux 78.35mm 量度降不度度度 Z mm 度度度度度度度利 ANSYS 行 2D 兩兩 Z 來 Z 0 mm 156.7mm 量度量都 Z 行 Z 78.4mm 不量都量度量度 60 量量度 60 量量 14

16 量例度 25 Z 78.4mm 量 mm 量 mm mm ~ mm mm ~ mm 度度量度量 () 30() 35() 40() 45() 50() 55() 60() 65() 70() 75() 80() 85() 90() 95() 100() 105() 25() 30() 35() 40() 45() 50() 55() 60() 65() 70() 75() 80() 85() 90() 95() 100() 105() 度量 ( 度 60) 來度量都 Z 78.35mm 量度度量度度量 mm 度度度都量不 9 度度都 49 度度度度 74.8% ~ 82.1% 量 0.052mm~0.252mm 度度都落量 0.022mm~0.055mm 度度不 949 都烈度度不 9 49 量 0.055mm~0.026mm 量度量度度度度 83 度 ,82.1% 75 度度 0.052,74.7% 度度量度量 (Z 78.35mm) 度度來度

17 Z 78.35mm 量量度度量行度度度六 949 度度量不 9 度 49 度來度度來六度度都 75.5%~82.4% 量 mm~ -0.03mm 六不 9 49 來度度量 mm~ mm 量 -0.26mm~ mm 度度度量度度度度度度度度 ,77.7% -0.03,82.4% 度 ,75.5% 量六度量 (Z 78.35mm) 度度參 9 度度度都 76.6% ~ 82.4% 切度 9 度度 77.7% 理 49 度度度都 74.8% ~ 78.7% 切度 49 度度 76.1% 9 度度 49 度度度度 74.8% ~ 82.4% 度 95 烈度度度度度度度度度度度度度度度度度 7. 論量狀度度利度量 CCD 度度 ANSYS Light Tools 度度度數 CCFL 16

18 度不更度行 2007 SEM Annual Conference & Expositio24 th CSME Annual Conferenc2008 兩 25 th CSME Annual Conferenc 論 SCI 論兩利兩 SCI 論參 1. K. Hinotani, S. Kishimoto, and K. Terada Flat fluorescent lamp for LCD back-light, IEEE, Vol.88, pp.52-55, M. Anandan, and D. Ketchum, Multiplicity of ddischarge channels for a flat fluorescent lamp to backlight a full color LCD, IEEE, Vol.39, NO.6, pp , N. F. Borrelli, Efficiency of microlens arrays for projection LCD, IEEE, Vol.94, pp , A. Tagaya, and Y. Koike, Highly scattering optical transmission polymers for bright display, Macromolecular Symposia, Vol.154, No.1, pp.73-82, A. Tagaya, M. Nagai, Y. Koike, and K. Yokoyama, Thin liquid-crystal display backlight system with highly scattering optical transmission polymers, Applied Optics, Vol.40, No.34, pp , T. Okumura, A. Tagaya, Y. Koike, M. Horiguchi, and H. Suzuki, Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films, Applied Physics Letters, Vol.83, No.13, pp , T. Ide, H. Mizuta, H. Numata, Y. Taira, M. Suzuki, M. Noguchi, and Y. Katsu, Dot pattern generation technique using molecular dynamics, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol.20, No.2, pp , H. -P. D. Shieh, Y. P. Huang, M. J. Su, and S. T. Wu, Single Cell-gap Transflective color TFT-LCD by using Image-Enhanced Reflector, IEEE, Vol.03, pp , G. H. Kim, W. J. Kim, S. M. Kim, and J. G. Son, Analysis of thermo-physical and optical properties of a diffuser using PET/PC/PBT copolymer in LCD backlight units, Displays, Vol.26, NO.1, pp.37-43, G. H. Kim, A PMMA composite as an optical diffuser in a liquid crystal display backlighting unit (BLU), European Polymer Journal, Vol.41, No.8, pp , D. Feng, X.Yang, G. Jin, Y. Yan, S. Fan, Integrated light-guide plates that can control the illumination angle for liquid crystal display backlight system,proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6034, pp , J.G. Chang, Y.B. Fang, C.F. Lin, Solution strategy of optimal dot pattern design for light guide using in backlight, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6034, pp T, C.H. Chao, P.C. Zhi, Fabrication of light guide plate on PDMS-based using MEMS technique for application of LED-backlight, Key Engineering Materials, Vol , pp.7-12, C.H. Chien, Z.P. Chen, Design and fabrication of the concentric circle light guiding plate for LED-backlight module by MEMS technique, Microsystem Technologies, Vol. 13, pp , T.H. Lin, M. Mehranpour, A.I. Isayev, Luminance of injection molded V-groove light guide plate, Annual Technical Conference ANTEC, Vol. 4, pp ,

19 16. B.Y. Jiang, L.J. Shen, J.H. Luo, C.Weng, Effects of different micro-feature structures on warpage and deformation of light guide plate, Optics and Precision Engineering, Vol. 15, pp , C. Y. Chu, M. C. Pan, and J. Ho, Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation on TFT-LCD Panels for Image Quality Concerns, IEEE, Vol.2, pp , 朗 LCD 力年力, H. Roehrig, J. Gaskillz, J. Fan, A. Poolla, and C. Martin, In-field evaluation of the image quality of electronic display devices, International Congress Series, Vol.1268, pp , L. Bellia, A. Cesarano, F. Minichiello, and S. Sibilio, Setting up a CCD photometer for lighting research and design, Building and Environment, Vol.37, pp , VESA Flat panel display measurements standardversion Maxim/Dallas CCFL J.B. Choi, R.S. Lakes, Design of a fastener based on negative Poisson's ratio foam, Cellular Polymers, Vol.10, pp , G. Conductive, V. Chu, J.P. Conde, Conductive blended polymer MEMS microresonators, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 16, pp , S.C. Xue, R. Lwin, G.W. Barton, L. Poladian, M.C.J.Large, Transient heating of PMMA preforms for microstructured optical fibers, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 25, pp , 數行

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