Microsoft PowerPoint MBBS-Diencephalon.ppt [兼容模式]

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1 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Systematic Anatomy Nervous system Diencephalon Dr.Hongqi Zhang ( 张红旗 ) zhanghq58@126.com Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University1

2 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University The Diencephalon Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

3 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Superior view Anterior view Lateral view Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University inferior view Posterior view sagittal view

4 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Telencephalon Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem Midbrain Pons Division of the brain Medulla ablongata Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

5 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Medially: -3 rd ventricle between left and right thalamus

6 Position of Diencephalon Position: Lies between midbrain & cerebrum,almost surrounded entirely by cerebral hemisphere Medially: -3 rd ventricle between left and right thalamus Diencephalon Laterally:Internal capsule Function complicated & important

7 Subdivision of Diencephalon Including five portions Dorsal thalamus Epithalamus Metathalamus Subthalamus Hypothalamus Diencephalon

8 Dorsal Thalamus The other four portions Is around the dorsal thalamus.

Posterior end-pulvinar Right and left portion of thalamus

9 Dorsal Thalamus External features A large ovoid-shaped nucleus mass Anterior end -anterior thalamic tubercle Posterior end-pulvinar Right and left portion of thalamus are joined by interthalamic adhesion(arrow) Floor-hypothalamic sulcus

10 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Nuclear group of the thalamus Three group 1 - Ant.nuclear group 2 - Lat.nuclear group 3 - Med.nuclear group Right thalamus 2 Lateral nuclear group Dorsal layer of lateral nuclei Ventral layer of lateral nuclei Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

11 The Nuclei of Dorsal Thalamus Internal medullary lamina Dorsal nuclear group Med. nuclear group Ant. nuclear group Medial geniculate body (MGN) Lateral geniculate body (LGN) Ventral posterolateral (VPL) Ventral anterior nucleus Ventral lateral nucleus (Ventral Intermediate nucleus) Ventral posterior nucleus (VP) Ventral posteromedial (VPM )

12 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Classificatioin of nuclei of dorsal thalamus Nonspesific projecting nuclei Midline nucleus,intralaminar nuclei & reticular nucleus Specific relaying nuclei: Lat.& med geniculate bodies,ventral layer of lateral nuclear group. Association nuclei: Med.nuclear group.dorsal layer of lateral nuclear group,ant.nuclear group. Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

13 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Nonspecific projecting nuclei Intralaminar nuclei Midline nucleus Reticular nucleus Main fiber relation: Receive afferent fibers from rhinencephalon and reticular formation of brain stem, project mainly to hypothalamus and corpus striatum Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

14 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Internuncial (association) nuclei Med. nuclear group Ant. Nuclear group Main fiber relation Dorsal layer of lateral nuclear group Receive input from many converging sources and in turn project widely to the association areas of cerebral cortex Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

15 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Specific nuclei of Dorsal Thalamus Very important VPL Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) Ventral lateral(intermediate) nucleus(vl) Ventral posterior nucleus (VP) VPM Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM ) Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

16 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Nuclei of thalumus and its abbreviation Subdivision Principal Nuclei Abbreviation Ant. nuclear group Med. nuclear group Lat. nuclear group Dorsal tier of the nuclei Ventral tier of the nuclei Lateral dorsal Lateral posterior Pulvinar Ventral anterior Ventral lateral Ventral posterior Ventral posterolateral Ventral posteromedial Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University LD LP VA VL VP VPL VPM

17 Fiber relation of specific relay nuclei of thalamus Special relay nuclei Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) Ventral Lateral (intermediate) nucleus (VL) Receiving dentate nucleus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra to motor cortex Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM ) Receives trigeminal lemniscus and taste fibers Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL ) Receives medial lemniscus and spinal lemniscus Projects to first somatic sensory area via central thalamic radiation

Metathalamus Lateral geniculate body (LGN)

18 Metathalamus Lateral geniculate body (LGN) Receive the fiber from Superior colliculus Medial geniculate body (MGN) Receive the fiber from inferior colliculus Brachiam of sup.colliculus Brachiam of inf.colliculus Constitut of fibers between colliculus and geniculates Right thalamus

radiation Lateral geniculate body (LGN) Relay station of vision Receive fibers

19 Metathalamus Medial geniculate body (MGN) Relay station of audition Receive fibers from inferior colliculus Projects to auditory area via acoustic radiation Lateral geniculate body (LGN) Relay station of vision Receive fibers from optic tract Projects to visual area via optic radiation Lat.geniculate Med.geniculate

20 Epithalamus Consist of: Thalamic medullary stria 1 - Habenular trigone 2 - Habenular commissure 3 - Pineal body 4 - posterior commissure

21 Subthalamus Position: Transition zone between diencephalons and tegmentum of midbrain Content: subthalamic nucleus, parts of red nucleus and substantia nigra

22 Hypothalamus Position-lies ventral to thalamus Boundaries Superiorly: hypothalamic sulcus Inferiorly: 1-optic chiasma 2-tuber cinereum 3-Infundibulum 4-mamillary body 5-hypophysis Anterior: 6 - lamina terminalis Posterior: continues with midbrain tegmentum 5 Hypothalamic sulcus 4 2

Supraoptic nucleus Supraopticohypophyseal tract Optic chiasma

23 Important Nuclei of Hypothalamus Hypothalamic sulcus Paraventricular nucleus Paraventriculohypophyseal tract Supraoptic nucleus Supraopticohypophyseal tract Optic chiasma Ant. lobe of hypophysis Mamillary body Gray tubercle Infundibulum Post lobe of hypophysis

24 Connections of Hypothalamus Supraoptic nucleus antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mainly supraopticohypophyseal tract posterior lobe of hypophysis Paraventricular nucleus produce oxytocin mainly (oxytocin) paraventriculohypophyseal tract posterior lobe of hypophysis Paracellular neurons in the arcuate nucleus and nearby region of the walls of the third ventricle secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones tuberoinfundibular tract portal vein of hypophysis anterior lobe of hypophysis

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Paraventricular nucleus Paraventriculohypophyseal tract Supraoptic nucleus

25 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Paraventricular nucleus Paraventriculohypophyseal tract Supraoptic nucleus Supraopticohypophyseal trac Inf. hypophyseal a. Post.lobe of hypophysis Hypophyseal v. Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Portal v. Sup. hypophyseal a. Ant.lobe Hypophyseal v.

26 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Tuberoinfundibular tract Median eminence Portal v. Sup. hypophyseal a. Ant.lobe Hypophyseal v. Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

27 Hormones secreted and storaged by hypophysis Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Ant.lobe Post.lobe of hypophysis Growth hormone-gh( 生长激素 ) Gonadotropin( 促性腺素 ) Thyrotropin TSH ( 促甲状腺激素 ) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ( 加压抗利尿激素 ) Or vasopressin ( 加压素 ) Adrenocorticotropin-ACTH ( 促肾上腺皮质激素 ) Prolactin ( 催乳素 ) Oxytocin ( 催产素 ) Melanotropin ( 促黑激素 ) Follicle stimulation hormone( 卵泡刺激素 ) The most hormones secreted by ant.lobe are regulated by the releasing and inhibiting hormones by Luteinizing hormone( 促黄体生成素 ) Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department hypothalamus of Anatomy-Fudan University

28 Connections of Hypothalamus Connects with limbic system Connects with brainstem and spinal cord Connects with dorsal thalamus Connects with hypophysis

29 The function of diencephalon Dorsal thalamus and Metathalamus are the last relay station of all sensory pathway to project to cerebral cortex. Epithalamus: related to olfactory sense,pineal body is endocrine gland(inhibiting sexual precocity) Subthalamus - Transition zone between diencephalons and tegmentum of midbrain,is a part of extropyramidal system. Hypothalamus - related to visceral activity and endocrine

30 Functions of Hypothalamus a subcortical higher regulatory cnetre of the viscera Control of visceral activity Regulate the secretion of many endocrine glands Temperature regulation Regulation of food ingestion Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance Emotion and behavior Control of biological circle rhythms

Third ventricle Position: a narrow ventricle cleft lies between both thalamus & hypothalamus Boundaries Roof: choroids plexus Floor: Optic chiasma Tuber cinereum Infundibulum and mamillary body

31 Third ventricle Position: a narrow ventricle cleft lies between both thalamus & hypothalamus Boundaries Roof: choroids plexus Floor: Optic chiasma Tuber cinereum Infundibulum and mamillary body Anteriorly: lamina terminalis Posteriorly: continuous with mesencephalic aqueduct Lateral wall: dorsal thalamus and hypothalamus Communication lateral ventricles interventricular foramen Third ventricle mesencephalic aqueduct fourth ventricle

32 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Protection your brain Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

33 Important Nuclei of Hypothalamus Supraoptic region 视上区 Supraoptic nucleus -produce antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin ) Paraventricular nucleus -produce oxytocin Tuberal region Infundibular nucleus Ventromedial nucleus 腹内侧核 Dorsomedial nucleus 背内侧核 Mamillary region 乳头体区 Mamillary nucleus 乳头体核 Posterior hypothalamic nucleus 下丘脑后核

34 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

35 背侧丘脑外形和位置位置 : 为两个卵圆形的灰质块, 中间夹有第三脑室, 外邻内囊前端 : 为狭窄的隆凸, 称为丘脑前结节后端 : 膨大, 称丘脑枕外内侧面 : 为第三脑室腔面, 有自室间孔走向中脑水管的下丘脑沟 ( 它是背侧丘形脑与下丘脑的分界线 ), 沟的背方, 有丘脑间粘合 ( 或称中间块 ) 外侧面 : 与内囊相邻背侧面 : 组成侧脑室底壁的一部分腹侧面 : 与底丘脑融合

36 背侧丘脑内部结构和功能分群前核群背侧丘脑 (Y 形内髓板 ) 板内核群内侧核群外侧核群背侧组背外侧核后外侧核枕腹前核联络性核群非特异性投射核团腹侧组腹外侧核 ( 腹中间核 ) 腹后外侧核腹后核腹后内侧核特异性中继核团中线核群后丘脑 : 内外侧膝状体核团

37 背侧丘脑特异性中继核团的纤维联系背侧丘脑和后丘脑核团的纤维联系核名传入纤维来自传出纤维投射至大脑皮质腹前核腹中间核小脑上脚齿状核纤维苍白球黑质躯体运动区腹后外侧核腹后内侧核内侧丘系脊髓丘系三叉丘系味觉纤维躯体感觉区外侧膝状体视束视觉中枢内侧膝状体外侧丘系下丘的听觉纤维听觉中枢

38 位置 : 第三脑室下部的侧壁, 脑底部包括视交叉灰结节漏斗和乳头体, 垂体主要核团及纤维联系下丘脑视上核视上垂体束神经垂体 ( 垂体后叶 ), 加压素室旁核室旁垂体束神经垂体 ( 垂体后叶 ), 催产素漏斗核 ( 弓状核 ) 结节垂体束 ( 结节漏斗束 ) 正中隆起腺垂体 ( 垂体前叶 ) 乳头体核, 接受穹窿纤维, 发出纤维组成乳头丘脑束背侧丘脑前核

39 第三脑室位置 : 在左右背侧丘脑和下丘脑之间, 呈裂隙状前界 : 终板后方 : 通中脑水管境界顶壁 : 脉络组织底壁 : 视交叉灰结节漏斗和乳头体侧壁 : 背侧丘脑和下丘脑交通 : 向前上经左右室间孔侧脑室, 向后下经大脑水管第四脑室

40 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University The greetings from Santa Claus Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department 制作 : 施铭华 of Anatomy-Fudan University40

41 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University 制作施铭华 of Anatomy-Fudan University41 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department

42 Hope you in the coming year: Safe and secure,healthy,happy & happiness! Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department 制作 : 施铭华 of Anatomy-Fudan University42

43 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department 制作 : 施铭华 of Anatomy-Fudan University43

44 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Merry christmas & happy new year! Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department 制作 : 施铭华 of Anatomy-Fudan University44

45 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University The end! Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

八分解腦

八分解腦解剖學科鄭授德江皓郁 1. 本檔案拍攝自 Somso Modelle 製作 BS 20 腦模型 2. 英文名詞根據其說明手冊 3. 中文名詞根據中華民國解剖學學會編訂解剖學辭會腦部下表面 B 小腦 Cerebellum D 橋腦 Pons E 延腦 Medulla oblongata 9 腦半球 Hemispheres 10 水平裂 Horizontal fissure 16 大腦縱裂